Caribbean urged to strengthen health data to combat rise in vector-borne disease

Caribbean health authorities have been warned that unless the region urgently overhauls how health data is collected and applied, efforts to prevent and control outbreaks of diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika will be undermined, a top public health expert said Tuesday.

Director of Surveillance, Disease Prevention and Control at the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), Dr Horace Cox, spoke to Barbados TODAY on the sidelines of a regional workshop being hosted at Blue Horizon Hotel. The training session, attended by health professionals from across the region, is focused on boosting the Caribbean’s collective capacity to predict, detect and respond to vector-borne diseases (VBDs).

He noted that although much has been done in recent years to improve data use in drafting public health policies, strengthening data quality and improving how it is applied in decision-making should be seen as the critical point in the region’s preparedness strategy.

Dr Cox said: “We are coming up with innovative tools at the Caribbean Public Health Agency in conversation with key stakeholders such as those in Barbados, that these tools can help to give us an early signal that something is about to happen. Once that’s the case, we trust that this can advance our preparedness not only as a nation in Barbados but also as a region and, by extension, our level of resilience to the public health threats that we continue to face.” 

Much of the workshop, he noted, is about ensuring participants understand both the technical and practical value of high-quality information in safeguarding public health.

“Here we’re teaching the different participants about the importance of improving data quality, because we can come up with all of these fancy tools, but it’s what’s fed into them [that’s] important,” he said.

“Then also we’re building capacity on the use of risk assessment tools because we want them to be able to appreciate the level of risk and also to understand how the public health actions will be commensurate with that level of risk that’s assessed.”

According to Dr Cox, CARPHA and its partners are working on new models that will give health authorities more accurate early warning systems. However, these can only be successful if regional countries have the right infrastructure and ensure that the data being reported is both consistent and reliable.

“There’s been a lot of advancement in terms of the Caribbean getting better quality data using standardised tools that would harmonise the data sets across the board and ensure that they can speak to one another at the time when we’re attempting to do different analyses,” he said.

“Even though we’ve had these successes, it’s important for us to think about the next step. How could we ensure that these changes are institutionalised and that they become part of the culture?”

He stressed that the ultimate goal is not simply about producing large datasets or building new databases, but about ensuring that the data is properly analysed and used to guide real-world public health decisions.

“It’s not just about collecting data and having the best data package available to us, but it’s how to extract the information from it and to use it to inform public health action, and that’s the essence of it,” Dr Cox explained. “We want it to be a process that is smooth, that not only reflects very robust data systems, but also the translation of that evidence and the use of the evidence to inform public health action.”

At the most practical level, he added, the importance of good data must resonate beyond health professionals and policymakers, reaching right down to communities and families.

“When the data is collected, we want to ensure that you, at the very level of the community, understand how you’re using that data to ensure that you do the necessary preventive measures to protect not only you but your family and by extension the broader community,” he said. (SB)