Dr Sonita Alexander: Adolescent obesity a worrying concern

The rising rate of adolescent obesity in Barbados is becoming a significant concern, with one in three children now classified as overweight or obese. According to Dr Sonita Alexander, a local physician, this trend has been increasing steadily in recent years, demanding urgent attention.

Dr Alexander explains that obesity in adolescents is not just about excess weight; it comes with a host of serious health risks. Young patients with obesity face a significantly higher likelihood of developing conditions like type 2 diabetes, hypertension and early-onset heart disease. 

“We’re also seeing joint issues and even certain types of cancer becoming more prevalent at younger ages,” she said.

Yet, the effects are not only physical. Dr Alexander said obesity can have a devastating impact on mental health, leading to low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, particularly as these adolescents often experience bullying or social isolation.

While genetics can play a role in some cases, Dr Alexander believes the root of the issue lies primarily in environmental and behavioural factors. Poor dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles are now more common among Barbadian youth. 

“Most of our students are drinking at least one sugar-sweetened beverage every day, and about 18.5 per cent are consuming fast food three to four times a week,” she said. 

These poor eating patterns are exacerbated by limited physical activity. “We’re seeing more kids spending time on screens instead of playing outside,” Dr Alexander added. 

Family eating habits and economic factors also contribute significantly to this issue, making it harder for many families to adopt healthier lifestyles.

Diagnosing obesity in adolescents involves careful assessment beyond just measuring weight. Dr Alexander and her colleagues use BMI-for-age percentiles, waist circumference, and check for signs of metabolic syndrome, such as high blood pressure and insulin resistance. 

“We also consider family history, diet, physical activity, and even sleep patterns to get a full picture of a child’s health,” she said.

Addressing adolescent obesity, according to Dr Alexander, requires a focus on gradual lifestyle changes rather than quick fixes. 

“We emphasize small, sustainable adjustments, like cutting down on sugary drinks and increasing daily physical activity,” she said. 

Behavioural counselling plays a vital role in helping adolescents develop healthier habits, with family support being a crucial component. “When families are involved, it’s easier to create an environment where healthier choices become the norm,” she said. 

For severe cases, medications or structured weight-management programmes may be considered, though Dr Alexander approaches these cautiously. “We only explore pharmacotherapy in adolescents when absolutely necessary and under close supervision.”

The psychological impact of obesity is an aspect Dr Alexander does not overlook. “We have to recognise that many of these kids are battling body-image issues and, in some cases, depression. Addressing these mental health concerns is essential, so we often include psychological support in our treatment plans. Sometimes, referrals to therapists are needed,” she said. (PR)